Egypt EG. Sesamum seeds Food. Ethiopia ET. Georgia GE. Palm oil Food. Ghana GH. Sudan dyes India IN. Okra Food — fresh, chilled or frozen. Kenya KE. Chinese celery Apium graveolens Food — fresh or chilled herb. Cambodia KH. Yardlong beans Vigna unguiculata ssp. Lebanon LB. Peppers of the Capsicum species sweet or other than sweet Food — dried, roasted, crushed or ground. Sri Lanka LK. Madagascar MG.
Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Food — fresh. Malaysia MY. Nigeria NG. Spice mixes Food. Pakistan PK. Sierra Leone SL. Senegal SN. Syria SY. Peppers of the Capsicum species other than sweet Food — fresh, chilled or frozen. Thailand TH. Turkey TR. Mandarins including tangerines and satsumas ; clementines, wilkings and similar citrus hybrids Food — fresh or dried. Oranges Food — fresh or dried.
Pomegranates Food — fresh or chilled. Unprocessed whole, ground, milled, cracked, chopped apricot kernels intended to be placed on the market for the final consumer 18 19 Food. Uganda UG. United States US. Uzbekistan UZ. Sulphites Vietnam VN. Argentina AR. Azerbaijan AZ. Bangladesh BD. Gambia GM. Nutmeg Myristica fragrans Food — dried spices. Indonesia ID.
Betel leaves Piper betle L. Guar gum Food and feed. Salmonella 6 Pesticide residues 4 Iran IR. Pesticide residues 4. Sudan SD. Vine leaves Food. Pitahaya dragon fruit Food — fresh or chilled.
Description 2. Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa. Weight of consignment. Number of sample units n. Sampling procedures. Analytical result required for each sample unit of the same consignment. No detection of Salmonella in 25 g. Greater than or equal to 20 tonnes.
Health information. Notes See notes for completion in this Annex. Part II: 1 Delete or cross out as appropriate e. The name of the third country issuing the certificate. Certificate reference No: same reference code as in box I. Audio Software icon An illustration of a 3. Software Images icon An illustration of two photographs. Images Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape Donate Ellipses icon An illustration of text ellipses. EMBED for wordpress.
Want more? Reliable reference databases of bacterial and fungal taxonomic genetic markers are crucial for metagenomic analysis of environmental microbiota complexity. Google Scholar. Google Preview. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.
Sign In or Create an Account. Sign In. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Reference databases for taxonomic assignment in metagenomics. Monica Santamaria , Monica Santamaria. Oxford Academic. Bruno Fosso. Arianna Consiglio. Giorgio De Caro. Giorgio Grillo. Flavio Licciulli. Sabino Liuni. Marinella Marzano. Daniel Alonso-Alemany. Gabriel Valiente.
Graziano Pesole Graziano Pesole. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Metagenomics is providing an unprecedented access to the environmental microbial diversity. Table 1: Characteristics of the main reference resources for metagenomics focused on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Chimera detection. Tree builder. Open in new tab. Figure Open in new tab Download slide. N seqs. Metagenomics: concept, methodology, ecological inference and recent advances. Google Scholar Crossref.
Search ADS. Microbial ecology in the age of genomics and metagenomics: concepts, tools, and recent advances. Metagenomic analysis of brain abscesses identifies specific bacterial associations. Metagenomic profile of the bacterial communities associated with Ixodes ricinus ticks.
Comparing bacterial communities inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. Short pyrosequencing reads suffice for accurate microbial community analysis.
Comparison of species richness estimates obtained using nearly complete fragments and simulated pyrosequencing-generated fragments in 16S rRNA gene-based environmental surveys.
The effects of alignment quality, distance calculation method, sequence filtering, and region on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene-based studies. On the suitability of short reads of 16S rRNA for phylogeny-based analyses in environmental surveys.
Evaluation of different partial 16S rRNA gene sequence regions for phylogenetic analysis of microbiomes. Experimental factors affecting PCR-based estimates of microbial species richness and evenness. Quantifying microbial communities with pyrosequencing: does read abundance count?
Massively parallel rRNA gene sequencing exacerbates the potential for biased community diversity comparisons due to variable library sizes. Characterization of the oral fungal microbiome mycobiome in healthy individuals. Massively parallel sequencing indicates hyperdiverse fungal communities in temperate Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere. Beyond bacteria: a study of the enteric microbial consortium in extremely low birth weight infants. The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1. The molecular revolution in ectomycorrhizal ecology: peeking into the black-box.
After the gold rush, or before the flood? Evolutionary morphology of mushroom-forming fungi Agaricomycetes in the early 21st century. Intraspecific ITS variability in the kingdom fungi as expressed in the international sequence databases and its implications for molecular species identification.
Accurate, rapid taxonomic classification of fungal large-subunit rrna genes. Organization of ribosomal DNA in the basidiomycete Thanatephorus praticola. Internal transcribed spacer sequencing versus biochemical profiling for identification of medically important yeasts.
The compression wave propagating deep into material hits the rear-side of the target with the formation of rarefaction wave. The last may produce cracks and rear-side spallation. It is shown that the used EAM potentials Mishin et al. The strain rate in spallation zone was 4. Simulated spall strength of Al is 7.
They agree well with experiment. Notes: Dr. Zhakhovsky noted that the potential was used in several works related to MD simulations of laser ablation and shock-wave loading, and that the potential was designed to reproduce the cold stress curves, the shock Hugoniot, and the melting point with good accuracy. File s : retracted Al File s : Al Mendelev, M. Kramer, C. Becker, and M. Asta , "Analysis of semi-empirical interatomic potentials appropriate for simulation of crystalline and liquid Al and Cu", Philosophical Magazine , 88 12 , Abstract: We investigate the application of embedded atom method EAM interatomic potentials in the study of crystallization kinetics from deeply undercooled melts, focusing on the fcc metals Al and Cu.
For this application, it is important that the EAM potential accurately reproduces melting properties and liquid structure, in addition to the crystalline properties most commonly fit in its development. To test the accuracy of previously published EAM potentials and to guide the development of new potential in this work, first-principles calculations have been performed and new experimental measurements of the Al and Cu liquid structure factors have been undertaken by X-ray diffraction.
We demonstrate that the previously published EAM potentials predict a liquid structure that is too strongly ordered relative to measured diffraction data. We develop new EAM potentials for Al and Cu to improve the agreement with the first-principles and measured liquid diffraction data. Furthermore, we calculate liquid-phase diffusivities and find that this quantity correlates well with the liquid structure.
Finally, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of crystal nucleation from the melt during quenching at constant cooling rate. We find that EAM potentials, which predict the same zero-temperature crystal properties but different liquid structures, can lead to quite different crystallization kinetics. More interestingly, we find that two potentials predicting very similar equilibrium solid and liquid properties can still produce very different crystallization kinetics under far-from-equilibrium conditions characteristic of the rapid quenching simulations employed here.
Update 19 July The contact email in the file's header has been changed. File s : Al1. Citation: X. Liu, F. Ercolessi, and J. Adams , "Aluminium interatomic potential from density functional theory calculations with improved stacking fault energy", Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering , 12 4 , Abstract: A new Al potential with improved stacking fault energy is constructed using the force-matching method.
The potential is fitted to an ab initio forces database and various experimental data. By using a slightly larger cut-off, we found that the new potential gives the relaxed stacking fault energy in the experimental range without changing the excellent thermal and surface properties of the original force-matching Al potential given by Ercolessi and Adams Europhys.
Notes: NEWAl. File s : NEWAl. File s : Al-LEA. Zhou, R. Johnson, and H. Abstract: Recent molecular dynamics simulations of the growth of [Ni0. Unlike misfit dislocations that accommodate lattice mismatch, the dislocation structures observed here increase the mismatch strain energy. Stop-action observations of the dynamically evolving atomic structures indicate that during deposition on the surface of a fcc lattice, adatoms may occupy either fcc sites or hcp sites. This results in the random formation of fcc and hcp domains, with dislocations at the domain boundaries.
These dislocations enable atoms to undergo a shift from fcc to hcp sites, or vice versa. These shifts lead to missing atoms, and therefore a later deposited layer can have missing planes compared to a previously deposited layer. This dislocation formation mechanism can create tensile stress in fcc films. The probability that such dislocations are formed was found to quickly diminish under energetic deposition conditions.
Notes: These are the original files sent by X. Zhou Sandia National Laboratory and posted with his permission. Becker NIST modified create. However, as addressed in the reference, these potentials were not designed for use with metal compounds. Becker NIST from create. Zhou's Sandia National Laboratory permission.
File s : superseded Al. Zhou Sandia National Laboratory. This version corrects an issue with spurious fluctuations in the tabulated functions. Citation: B. Lee, J. Shim, and M. The newly developed MEAM potentials solve most of the problems and describe the bulk properties elastic constants, structural energy differences , point defect properties vacancy and interstitial formation energy and formation volume, activation energy of vacancy diffusion , planar defect properties stacking fault energy, surface energy, surface relaxation and reconstruction , and thermal properties thermal expansion coefficients, specific heat, melting point, heat of melting of the fcc elements considered, in good agreement with relevant experimental information.
It has been shown that in the MEAM the degree of many-body screening C min is an important material property and that structural stability at finite temperatures should be included as a checkpoint during development of semiempirical potentials. File s : library. Zope, and Y. Mishin , "Interatomic potentials for atomistic simulations of the Ti-Al system", Physical Review B , 68 2 , The ab initio calculations were performed by the linearized augmented plane wave LAPW method within the density functional theory to obtain the equations of state for a number of crystal structures of the Ti-Al system.
Some of the calculated LAPW energies were used for fitting the potentials while others for examining their quality. The potentials correctly predict the equilibrium crystal structures of the phases and accurately reproduce their basic lattice properties.
The potentials are applied to calculate the energies of point defects, surfaces, and planar faults in the equilibrium structures. Unlike earlier EAM potentials for the Ti-Al system, the proposed potentials provide a reasonable description of the lattice thermal expansion, demonstrating their usefulness for molecular-dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations at high temperatures.
Notes: These files were provided by Yuri Mishin. If you use this setfl file, please credit the website in addition to the original reference. Zhou, H. Wadley, R. Johnson, D. Larson, N.
Tabat, A. Cerezo, A. Petford-Long, G. Smith, P. Clifton, R. Martens, and T. Kelly , "Atomic scale structure of sputtered metal multilayers", Acta Materialia , 49 19 , Such films have applications in sensors that utilize the giant magnetoresistance effect, for example, read heads in high-density information storage devices.
The simulations show that relatively flat interfaces are formed because of the energetic deposition conditions. An abnormal Fe depletion zone is also revealed at the CoFe-on-Cu interface. A three-dimensional atom probe method has been used for a nanoscale chemical analysis of the films.
It provided direct verification of the simulations. The simulations have then been used to understand the mechanism responsible for the formation of the intermixing defects observed in the multilayers. A novel deposition technique is proposed which reduces both interfacial mixing and Fe depletion by controlling the incident adatom energies. Sturgeon, and B. Laird , "Adjusting the melting point of a model system via Gibbs-Duhem integration: Application to a model of aluminum", Physical Review B , 62 22 , Abstract: Model interaction potentials for real materials are generally optimized with respect to only those experimental properties that are easily evaluated as mechanical averages [e.
For such potentials, agreement with experiment for the nonmechanical properties, such as the melting point, is not guaranteed and such values can deviate significantly from experiment. We present a method for reparametrizing any model interaction potential of a real material to adjust its melting temperature to a value that is closer to its experimental melting temperature.
This is done without significantly affecting the mechanical properties for which the potential was modeled. This method is an application of Gibbs-Duhem integration [D. Kofke, Mol. As a test we apply the method to an embedded atom model of aluminum [J. Mei and J. Davenport, Phys. B 46, 21 ] for which the melting temperature for the thermodynamic limit is After reparametrization, the melting temperature of the modified potential is found to be Mendelev and Brian Laird.
File s : MDSL. Citation: Y. Mishin, D. Farkas, M. Mehl, and D. Papaconstantopoulos , "Interatomic potentials for monoatomic metals from experimental data and ab initio calculations", Physical Review B , 59 5 , Abstract: We demonstrate an approach to the development of many-body interatomic potentials for monoatomic metals with improved accuracy and reliability.
The functional form of the potentials is that of the embedded-atom method, but the interesting features are as follows: 1 The database used for the development of a potential includes both experimental data and a large set of energies of different alternative crystalline structures of the material generated by ab initio calculations. We introduce a rescaling of interatomic distances in an attempt to improve the compatibility between experimental and ab initio data.
The testing step includes a comparison between the ab initio structural energies and those predicted by the potential. This strategy allows us to achieve the best accuracy of fitting within the intrinsic limitations of the potential model.
Using this approach we develop reliable interatomic potentials for Al and Ni. The potentials accurately reproduce basic equilibrium properties of these metals, the elastic constants, the phonon-dispersion curves, the vacancy formation and migration energies, the stacking fault energies, and the surface energies. They also predict the right relative stability of different alternative structures with coordination numbers ranging from 12 to 4. The potentials are expected to be easily transferable to different local environments encountered in atomistic simulations of lattice defects.
Jacobsen, P. Stoltze, and J. Abstract: A detailed derivation of the simplest form of the effective medium theory for bonding in metallic systems is presented, and parameters for the fcc metals Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and Au are given. The derivation of parameters is discussed in detail to show how new parameterizations can be made. The method and the parameterization is tested for a number of surface and bulk problems.
In particular we present calculations of the energetics of metal atoms deposited on metal surfaces. The calculated energies include heats of adsorption, energies of overlayers, both pseudomorphic and relaxed, as well as energies of atoms alloyed into the first surface layer. Citation: F. Abstract: We present a new scheme to extract numerically "optimal" interatomic potentials from large amounts of data produced by first-principles calculations. The method is based on fitting the potential to ab initio atomic forces of many atomic configurations, including surfaces, clusters, liquids and crystals at finite temperature.
The extensive data set overcomes the difficulties encountered by traditional fitting approaches when using rich and complex analytic forms, allowing to construct potentials with a degree of accuracy comparable to that obtained by ab initio methods.
A glue potential for aluminium obtained with this method is presented and discussed. Notes: By design, this potential is not expected to be accurate for geometries with extremely low coordination -- such as small molecules -- which were not included in the training set. Jacobsen, J. Norskov, and M. Puska , "Interatomic interactions in the effective-medium theory", Physical Review B , 35 14 , Abstract: An expression is derived for the total energy of a system of interacting atoms based on an ansatz for the total electron density of the system as a superposition of atom densities taken from calculations for the atoms embedded in a homogeneous electron gas.
This leads to an expression for the interaction energy in terms of the embedding energy of the atoms in a homogeneous electron gas, and corrections accounting, for instance, for the d-d hybridization in the transition metals. The density of the homogeneous electron gas is chosen as the average of the density from the surrounding atoms. Due to the variational property of the total-energy functional, the errors in the interaction energy are second order in the deviation of the ansatz density from the true ground-state value.
The applicability of the approach is illustrated by calculations of the cohesive properties of some simple metals and all the 3d transition metals. The interaction energy can be expressed in a form simple enough to allow calculations for low-symmetry systems and is very well suited for simulations of time-dependent and finite-temperature problems. Preliminary results for the phonon-dispersion relations and the surface energies and relaxations for Al are used to illustrate the versatility of the approach.
The division of the total energy into a density-dependent part, an electrostatic "pair-potential" part, and a hybridization part provides a very simple way of understanding a number of these phenomena.
Citation: L. Girifalco, and V. Abstract: The Morse parameters were calculated using experimental values for the energy of vaporization, the lattice constant, and the compressibility. The equation of state and the elastic constants which were computed using the Morse parameters, agreed with experiment for both face-centered and body-centered cubic metals. All stability conditions were also satisfied for both the face-centered and the body-centered metals.
This shows that the Morse function can be applied validly to problems involving any type of deformation of the cubic metals. This KIM potential is the "low cutoff" variation. This KIM potential is the "medium cutoff" variation. This KIM potential is the "high cutoff" variation. Notes: EMT uses a global cutoff, and this cutoff depends on the largest atom in the simulation.
For single-element simulations, please use the single-element parametrizations, as they use a cutoff more appropriate for the element in question and are marginally faster. Citation: S. Starikov, I. Gordeev, Y. Lysogorskiy, L. Kolotova, and S. Makarov , "Optimized interatomic potential for study of structure and phase transitions in Si-Au and Si-Al systems", Computational Materials Science , ,
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